openSUSE Leap 15.3

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openSUSE Leap �O�@�ӦۥѪ���� Linux ���@�~�t�ΡA�i�B�@�b�z����W���q���B���O��
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�^�m��: Chao-Hsiung Liao�BCraig Jeffares�BJoe Man�BRay Chen�BRamax Lo
�X������G2021-01-29, �G15.3.20210129

1 �w��
2 System upgrade
3 Removed and deprecated packages and features
4 Drivers and hardware
5 �ୱ����
6 More information and feedback

���o����Ƥ����_�a�ק襤�C�n�F�ѳ̷s���i�i�A�Ш��b https://doc.opensuse.org/
release-notes ���u�W�����C�^�媩���o����Ʀb���ݮɤ��|��s�C½Ķ�������i��|��
�ɦa������C

�p�G�z�q���ª� openSUSE �o�檩���ɯšA�ХѦ��d�ݤ��e���o����ơGhttps://
en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Release_Notes�C

����M�ת���T�Ш� https://www.opensuse.org�C

�n�������󥻦��o�檺���~���i�A�ЧQ�� openSUSE Bugzilla�C�����Ա��A�гy�X https:
//en.opensuse.org/Submitting_Bug_Reports�C

Major new features of openSUSE Leap 15.3 are also listed at https://
en.opensuse.org/Features_15.3.

1 �w��

�����`�]�t�F�w�ˬ������n�I�C����ԲӪ��ɯűоǡA�аѾ\�bhttps://
doc.opensuse.org/documentation/leap/startup/html/book.opensuse.startup/
part-basics.html�����C

1.1 Using atomic updates with the system role Transactional Server

The installer supports the system role Transactional Server. This system role
features an update system that applies updates atomically (as a single
operation) and makes them easy to revert should that become necessary. These
features are based on the package management tools that all other SUSE and
openSUSE distributions also rely on. This means that the vast majority of RPM
packages that work with other system roles of openSUSE Leap 15.3 also work with
the system role Transactional Server.

�`�N

�`�N�GIncompatible packages

�@�ǮM��|�b���̪� RPM %post �}�����ק� /var �άO /srv �����e�C�o�ǮM��O���ۮe
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 �E Btrfs �ַӡG  �b�t�Χ�s�}�l�e�A�@�ӷs root �ɮרt�Ϊ� Btrfs �ַӷ|�Q�إߡC
    �M��Ҧ��Ӧ۸ӧ�s���ק�|�w�˦b�o�� Btrfs �ַӤ��C�n�����o����s�A�z�i�H��
    �Ҩt�ΥH�ϥθӧַӡC

    �n�����o����s�A�u�ݱq�e�@�ӧַӶ}���Y�i�C

 �E ��Ū root �ɮרt�ΡG  ���F�קK�]����s�y�������D�P��ƿ򥢡Aroot �ɮרt�Υ�
    ���T��g�J�C�O�G root �ɮרt�Φb���`�ާ@�U�O�H��Ū�覡�����C

    �n���ӳ]�w�o�H�B�@�A�ݭn�[�J�t�~�G���ɮרt�Ϊ��ܧ�G�n���\�b /etc �g�J�ϥ�
    �̳]�w�ɡA�ӥؿ��۰ʳ]�w���ϥ� OverlayFS�C/var �{�b�h�ܦ��������l���H�Ѩ�L
    ��{�g�J�C

���n

���n�GTransactional Server needs at least 12 GB of disk space

�t�Ψ����������A���ݭn�ܤ� 12 GB ���ϺФj�p�H�e�� Btrfs �ַӡC

�n�ϥΥ������s�A�ШϥΫ��O transactional-update �ӫD YaST �P Zypper �Ӷi��M
��޲z�G

 �E ��s�t�ΡGtransactional-update up

 �E �w�ˮM��Gtransactional-update pkg in PACKAGE_NAME

 �E �����M��Gtransactional-update pkg rm PACKAGE_NAME

 �E �n�����̫�@�ӧַӹ� root �ɮרt�ΩҰ����ܧ�A�Х��T�{�z���t�άO�ϥγ̫�@
    �ӧַӤ��e���ַӶ}���A�M�����G transactional-update rollback

    �Ϊ̡A�b���O�̫�[�W�ַ� ID �H�^�_�ܯS�w���ַӡC

���ϥθӨt�Ψ���ɡA�t�ιw�]�|����C���s�åB�b���W 03:30 �P�U�� 05:00 �����s
�ҰʡC�o�ǰʧ@�ҬO�� systemd IJ�o�A�Y���ݭn�]�i�H�ϥ� systemctl ���O�����G

systemctl disable --now transactional-update.timer rebootmgr.service

�n�F�ѧ�h����������s���Ӹ`�A�Ш� openSUSE Kubic ������峹 https://
kubic.opensuse.org/blog/2018-04-04-transactionalupdates/ �H�� https://
kubic.opensuse.org/blog/2018-04-20-transactionalupdates2/�C

1.2 Installing on hard disks with less than 12 GB of capacity

�u�����w�ЪŶ��j�� 12 GB �ɡA�w�˵{���~�|��ij�ϺФ��γW���C�Y�z�Q�n�]�w�Ŷ��D�`
�p�����������M�H�ɡA�ШϥΤ޾ɦ��ϺФ��ε{���Ӧۦ�վ���ΰѼơC

1.3 UEFI - �Τ@�i�������餶��

�b�w�� openSUSE ��ϥ� UEFI (�Τ@�i�������餶��) �}�����t�Τ��e�A�j�P��ij�z����
�ݬO�_���w��s�y�өҫ�ij�������s�å[�H�w�ˡC�Y�z���t�Φ��w�� Windows 8 �Χ�s
�������A�q�`�N�N���z���t�Ψϥ� UEFI �}���C

�I�����ѡG���� UEFI ���馳�ʳ��A�ɭP�����Ӧh��ƳQ�g�J UEFI �x�s�ϰ�ɡA����|
�o�Ͱ��D�C���O�S�H���D�s���g�J�h�ָ�Ƥ~��u�Ӧh�v�C

openSUSE �ǥѥu�g�J����Ұʨt�Ϊ��ֻ̤ݭn����ƶq�A�ӭ��C�o�ӭ��I�C�g�J����Ʀ�
�֭n��i�D UEFI ���� openSUSE �Ұʵ{������m�C�x�� Linux �֤ߴ��Ѩϥ� UEFI �x�s
�ϨӼg�J�}���η�����T���\�� (pstore)�A�b���w�]�Q���ΡC�L�צp��A��ij�w�˥���w
��s�y�ӫ�ij�������s�C

1.4 UEFI, GPT, and MS-DOS partitions

�b EFI/UEFI ���W��Ѥ�����@�ӷs�����κϺЪ������覡�GGPT�]GUID Partition Table
�^�C�o�ӷs���覡�ϥ� GUID�]128�줸������ܦb32�ӤQ���i��Ʀr�W�^���ѧO�˸m�Τ�
������C

���~�AUEFI �W�d�O���\�DzΪ� MBR�]MS-DOS�^���ΰϡC Linux �޾ɥ[�����]ELILO ��
GRUB2�^���հw�墨�ǶDzΪ����ΰϦ۰ʲ��ͤ@�� GUID �A�ç⥦�̼g�i����C���o�˪��@
�� GUID �i�H�W�c�ܧ�A�ɭP���骺���g�J�C�@�������g�J�]�A��ؤ��P���ާ@�G�R����
�����ءA�H�γЫؤ@�ӷs�����إH���N�Ĥ@�Ӷ��ءC

�{�N�����鳣���@�өU���������]garbage collector�^�A�i�H�����Q�R�����i�J�I�]
entries�^�A�åB�����ӫO�d���¶i�J�I�]entries�^���O����C���G�٪����餣�ব��
�άO����o�Ƕi�J�I�]entries�^�ɡA�t�αN�|�X�{���D�A�̲ױN�y���t�εL�k�}���C

²�檺���N�ѨM��׬O�G�ഫ�DzΪ� MBR ���ΰϦ����s�� GPT ���ΰϥH���㪺�קK����
�D�C

2 System upgrade

�o�Ӥp�`�C�X�F�P�t�ΤɯŦ������`�N�ƶ��C���F�Ѥ䴩���ɯų����H�θԲӪ��ɯŨB�J
�A���G

 �E https://en.opensuse.org/SDB:System_upgrade

 �E https://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/leap/startup/html/
    book.opensuse.startup/cha-update-osuse.html

Additionally, check �� 3 �`�uRemoved and deprecated packages and features�v.

3 Removed and deprecated packages and features

3.1 Deprecated packages and features

����ij���M���٬O�|�������o�檩���@�����A�åB�b�U�@�� openSUSE Leap ���|�Q�����C
�o�ǮM��s�b����]�O���F���U�����E���A������ij�ϥΡA�ӥB���̤��|�A����s�C

�n�ˬd�w�w�˪��M��O�_�w���A���@�A�Х��T�{�O�_�w�w�� lifecycle-data-openSUSE �M
��A���ۨϥΥH�U���O�G

zypper lifecycle

3.2 Removed packages and features

�������M��N���A�H�o�檩�@�_�o���C

 �E libqt4 and kdelibs4 have been removed because they were unmaintained and
    had security issues. For more information, see �� 5.1 �`�uKDE 4 and Qt4
    have been removed�v.

4 Drivers and hardware

4.1 Secure Boot: third-party drivers need to be properly signed

openSUSE Leap 15.2 and later enable a kernel module signature check for
third-party drivers (CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y). This is an important security
measure to avoid untrusted code running in the kernel.

This may prevent third-party kernel modules from being loaded if UEFI Secure
Boot is enabled. Kernel Module Packages (KMPs) from the official openSUSE
repositories are not affected, because the modules they contain are signed with
the openSUSE key. The signature check has the following behavior:

 �E Kernel modules that are unsigned or signed with a key that is either known
    as untrusted or cannot be verified against the system's trusted key data
    base will be blocked.

�z�i�H���ͤ@�Ӧ۩w���ҮѡA�åB���U��t�Ϊ� MOK (Machine Owner Key) ��Ʈw�A�M��
�θ��ҮѪ����_��ñ���b���a�ҽsĶ���֤߼ҲաC�γo�ؤ覡ñ�����ҲձN���|�Q�T���
�J�άO�ɭPĵ�i�T���C�Ա��Ш� https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:UEFI�C

Since this also affects NVIDIA graphics drivers, we addressed this in our
official packages for openSUSE. However, you need to manually enroll a new MOK
key after installation to make the new packages work. For instructions how to
install the drivers and enroll the MOK key, see https://en.opensuse.org/
SDB:NVIDIA_drivers#Secureboot.

5 �ୱ����

This section lists desktop issues and changes in openSUSE Leap 15.3.

5.1 KDE 4 and Qt4 have been removed

KDE 4 packages are no longer part of openSUSE Leap 15.3. Update your system to
Plasma 5 and Qt 5. Some Qt 4 packages may still remain for compatibility
reasons. For more information, see https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?
id=1179613.

6 More information and feedback

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    rpm --changelog -qp FILENAME.rpm

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    �ɶ�����Ƨǡ^�C

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